As normal overcurrent relays cannot provide this function, a directional unit is added to activate the relay when the fault current flow is in a predetermined direction. Im-proper selection and setting of such elements can cause relay misoperations and plant outages. Therefore, it is crit-ical to. This White Paper describes the sense, the potentials and the use of directional protection and directional zone selectivity functions, hereafter called “D” and “SdZ D” respectively. The PR123/P and the PR333/P units carry out excludable directional protection (“D”) against short-circuit with. In these applications, modern directional elements provide an output signal to control the operation of the sensing elements or a restraining torque in the case of electromechanical relays. " However, to maintain. The direction of current flow is a significant characteristic of generators: if reverse current is driven into either a DC or AC generator, it will act as a load and prevent the device from operating at its proper generating capacity. In fact, in almost all situations. Directional Elements used in L-PRO 4000: How to Set Directional Control in Overcurrent Elements in The directional element considers negative-sequence impedance, zero-sequence impedance, or positive-sequence impedance, depending on relay settings and system conditions at the time of the fault.