18-Splitter Optical Attenuation Comparison Table
An 18-output optical splitter typically exhibits an insertion loss of approximately 13.5–14.5 dB, depending on splitter type and excess loss.
Understanding 18-Splitter Attenuation
Optical splitters divide a single input signal into multiple outputs. The insertion loss (IL) for each output port depends on the split ratio and excess loss. For an 18-output splitter:
- Theoretical splitting loss: IL = 10 × log10(N), where N = number of outputs. For 18 outputs: IL ≈ 12.55 dB.
- Excess loss: Additional loss due to manufacturing imperfections, typically 0.2–1.5 dB for FBT or PLC splitters.
- Total insertion loss: IL_total = IL_theoretical + Excess loss ≈ 13–14.5 dB .
Estimated Insertion Loss Table for an 18-Splitter
| Splitter Type | Theoretical Loss (dB) | Typical Excess Loss (dB) | Total Insertion Loss (dB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| FBT Splitter | 12.55 | 0.5–1.0 | 13.05–13.55 |
| PLC Splitter | 12.55 | 0.8–2.0 | 13.35–14.55 |
Notes:
- FBT splitters are sensitive to wavelength and temperature, with slightly lower excess loss at standard conditions .
- PLC splitters provide more uniform splitting and better performance in high-port-count applications, making them suitable for 18 or more outputs .
- The actual insertion loss may vary depending on connectors, splices, and environmental conditions, so a margin of 0.2–0.5 dB is recommended in network design .
Practical Considerations
- Power Budget: Ensure the total link budget accounts for the 13–14.5 dB loss per port.
- Connector and Splice Loss: Add 0.2–0.5 dB per connector or splice to the total loss.
- Temperature Effects: PLC splitters maintain stable performance over -40 to 85°C, while FBT splitters are stable from -5 to 75°C .
- Network Planning: For FTTH PON systems, an 18-splitter is uncommon; designers often use 1×16 or 1×32 splitters and may combine splitters to achieve 18 outputs. This table and explanation provide a practical reference for estimating optical attenuation in an 18-output splitter, helping engineers plan fiber networks efficiently.
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